2025 ERC‑8004 X x402
Ecosystem Report
Infrastructure for the Agent Economy
Authored by Hubble
A snapshot of the protocols, primitives, and players building the agent-native future.
x402 and ERC-8004 are foundational rails for agent-native infrastructure

x402 and ERC-8004 are foundational rails for agent-native infrastructure

They define how autonomous agents communicate and settle value — unlocking new design space for onchain coordination.

The Agent Economy is no longer theoretical — it's taking shape

The Agent Economy is no longer theoretical — it's taking shape

Modular rollups, AI agents, and real-time data flows are converging across ecosystems like Solana, Mantle, and Base.

Composable agents unlock new primitives for DeFi and automation

Composable agents unlock new primitives for DeFi and automation

From pay-per-query research bots to trading signals, agents are becoming monetizable endpoints across finance.

Institutional interest is rising, especially from TradFi and quant-native players

Institutional interest is rising, especially from TradFi and quant-native players

New rails like x402 lower barriers for programmable, measurable service layers aligned with financial infrastructure.

Why This Report Exists

Why This Report Exists

x402 and ERC-8004 aren't just technical specs — they represent the foundational rails for a new, programmable agent layer onchain.

This report is written for:

  • Builders exploring new agent-native architectures
  • Crypto-native researchers and investors tracking infra trends
  • Emerging agent ecosystem founders and early teams
  • Traditional finance, quant, and data-driven investors exploring the next phase of onchain coordination

In a concise, insight-packed report, we explain the core standards, key players, and practical implications of this shift — written to be accessible to both technical and non-technical audiences.

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